INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
ICT LEVEL ONE & TWO
SUBJECT: DATABASE MANAGEMENT
MAY/JUNE 2023
INSTRUCTIONS: Answer all question in SECTION A and SECTION B You
Are advised not to spend more than 1 hour on SECTION A.
SECTION A
Answer All Question
- Primary Key: A primary key uniquely identifies each record in a table.
- Foreign Key: A foreign key establishes a link between two tables.
- Candidate Key: Among the super keys, a candidate key is a minimal set of columns that can uniquely identify each record in a table.
- Composite Key: A composite key is a key composed of two or more attributes that together uniquely identify a record.
Metadata: in Database Management Systems refers to data that provides information about other data within the database. It describes various aspects of the stored data, its structure, format, constraints, relationships, and more.
- Data Storage and Retrieval: One of the primary functions of a DBMS is to efficiently store vast amounts of data in a structured manner. It allows users to retrieve and manipulate this data through queries and transactions.
- Data Security and Integrity: DBMS offers mechanisms to maintain data security and integrity. It ensures that only authorized users have access to specific data, employing authentication and authorization controls.
- Decision Support and Analysis: DBMS facilitates data analysis and supports decision-making processes by providing tools for querying, reporting, and analysis.
- Data Definition Language (DDL) is a subset of SQL (Structured Query Language) used to define, manage, and modify the structure of database objects within a Database Management System (DBMS).
- Data Manipulation Language (DML) is a subset of SQL (Structured Query Language) that deals with manipulating data within the database. Unlike DDL (Data Definition Language), which focuses on the structure of the database, DML commands are used to perform operations on the data itself—inserting, retrieving, updating, and deleting data within the tables.
Entity Integrity: This rule ensures that each row or record within a table is uniquely identifiable. It is primarily enforced by the use of primary keys.
Referential integrity maintains the relationships between tables when foreign key constraints are in place.
Advantages
- Data Centralization and Consistency
- Improved Data Security
- Efficient Data Retrieval and Manipulation
Disadvantages
- Cost and Complexity
- Risk of Data Breaches
- and System Failure
A database window or interface refers to the graphical user interface (GUI) or visual environment provided by a Database Management System (DBMS) to interact with and manage the database.
(3) components of a Database window are:
- Object Explorer/Navigator
- Query Editor/Builder
- Data Grid/View
Columns represent the attributes or characteristics of the data, each containing a specific type of information across all the rows.
A Query-By-Example (QBE) database is a user-friendly approach to querying databases that allows users to retrieve information by specifying example data rather than writing explicit SQL queries. It simplifies the querying process by providing a graphical or form-based interface where users input examples of the data they want to retrieve.
A foreign key constraint establishes a relationship between two tables by referencing the primary key in another table.
Attributes are the building blocks used to define the structure and properties of data within a database.
- Simple Attributes: Simple attributes are basic, atomic attributes that cannot be divided any further. They represent the most fundamental properties of an entity.
- Composite Attributes: are composed of multiple simple attributes or sub-attributes. They represent properties that can be broken down into smaller parts.
SECTION B - PRACTICALS
Answer all Questions
1. Create a database and name it “Market Record”
2. Type the data below into your database.
| Full Name | Age | Item | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mr. Oppong | 43 | Provision | Taifa |
| Aunty Ama | 39 | Cassava | Dansoman |
| Mr. Dadzie | 50 | Meat | Lapaz |
| Awuara Ama | 45 | Vegetable | Madina |
| Aunty Mansah | 38 | Cereal | Circle |
3. Bold the column headings
4. Add a second table and name it “Kaneshie Market”. Provide item on assumption
5. Expand the widths of data and create a report for the two tables created.
6. Print your work and close all programs
